What are civil and political rights sometimes referred to as?

Civil and political rights are often referred to as first generation rights because this classification reflects their historical development and significance in international law. These rights emphasize individual liberties and protections from state interference, forming the cornerstone of democratic societies.

First generation rights typically include rights such as the right to life, freedom of speech, freedom of assembly, and the right to a fair trial. They focus on the individual's relationship with the state, ensuring that individuals can exercise their freedoms without undue restriction or oppression from governmental authorities.

The categorization into "first, second, and third generation rights" originated from a framework that classifies rights based on their nature and the era in which they emerged. Second generation rights generally encompass economic, social, and cultural rights, while third generation rights include collective and developmental rights, such as the right to development and a healthy environment. This context underscores why civil and political rights are positioned as first generation—emphasizing individual rights and freedoms as foundational to human dignity and democracy.